The act of supporting a candidate or political party based on allegiance or preference rather than on objective criteria like the candidate’s or party’s platforms, policies, or record is referred to as “partisan politics.”

Summarize this essay below in full detail.

Introduction

The act of supporting a candidate or political party based on allegiance or preference rather than on objective criteria like the candidate’s or party’s platforms, policies, or record is referred to as “partisan politics.” In recent years, partisanship in the United States has gotten more extreme, with voters emphasizing their allegiance to one of the two major political parties. This allegiance may be motivated by a variety of things, such as personal experiences, family customs, or a broad sense of belonging to a certain party or candidate. Partisanship sometimes stems from the conviction that one’s own beliefs or interests are fundamentally at odds with those of the other party. The republican party and the democratic party are the two major political parties in the United States. Abortion is widely frowned upon by the Republican party. While the Democratic Party typically supports the right to an abortion. But there are various ways to minimize the hotly debated subject of how partisanship affects abortion rights. Abortion rights have been the subject of contentious congressional discussions and had a significant role in both previous and current elections. The supreme court has also rendered decisions in a few abortion-related issues. There are a variety of abortion methods, including those that are induced medically (by medicine) and surgically (by surgery). Political partisanship has had a considerable impact on abortion rights. It has been challenging to pass laws that would make abortion more accessible due to the republican party’s hostility to the procedure. Additionally, it has been difficult for the Democratic Party, which supports abortion rights, to adopt legislation that would tighten restrictions on abortion. Abortions that are medically necessary or those that are performed in the early stages of a pregnancy are not normally viewed as contentious by most people. When having a conversation about the issue of abortion rights, it is essential to keep this fact in mind. It is feasible to find common ground and to lessen the amount of partisanship if one focuses on the many forms of abortions that are not controversial.

Literature

The current debate over legalizing abortion is heavily influenced by politics. And as a result, women’s sexual and bodily decisions have been correlated with the outcomes of political decisions. However, recent events have prompted many states in the US to consider whether the prohibition on abortion should be lifted. About half of states are expected to enact bans on abortion or other gestational limits on the procedure. In some of these states, abortion remains legal for now as courts determine whether existing or new bans can take effect. In the rest of the states, abortion is legal but may still be restricted, or access may otherwise be limited. (The New York Times, 2022) In order to determine where the safe zones for women’s rights are, it will be helpful to check into the following states. Abortion bans in Indiana are suspended: The Indiana law, signed by Gov. Eric Holcomb, a Republican, in early August, bans abortion from conception except in some cases of rape, incest, fatal fetal abnormality or when the pregnant woman faces risk of death or certain severe health risks. Due to the limitations of this rule, anything could change at any time. It is wisest to assume the worst when dealing with a state that contradicts itself because it is evident that Indiana does not fully support women’s right to an abortion. “In 2019, Illinois enacted a statutory protection for abortion as a fundamental right, it states: (a) Every individual has a fundamental right to make autonomous decisions about the individual’s own reproductive health, including the fundamental right to use or refuse reproductive health care. (b) Every individual who becomes pregnant has a fundamental right to continue the pregnancy and give birth or to have an abortion, and to make autonomous decisions about how to exercise that right. (c) A fertilized egg, embryo, or fetus does not have independent rights under the laws of this State.” (Illinois, 2022) And despite the recent abortion prohibition in the majority of US states, Illinois’ protection of women’s rights to safe abortions continues. “Minnesota law includes a constitutional protection for abortion, provides public funding for medically necessary abortions, and protects clinic access by prohibiting obstructions. On June 25, 2022, the Minnesota governor issued an executive branch cooperation with out-of-state investigations and legal actions arising from the lawful provision of abortion care.” (Minnesota, 2022) And because of the Supreme Court’s decision to reverse Roe, abortion is still legal in Minnesota. “In Michigan, the following restrictions on abortion were in effect as of June 28, 2022: A patient must receive state-directed counseling that includes information designed to discourage the patient from having an abortion, and then wait 24 hours before the procedure is provided.” (State facts about abortion: Michigan, 2022) This restriction appears to be unjust to women because the right is not completely granted. The ability to simply abort a kid because conception was an accident qualifies as a restriction where counseling is required. This helps to understand why the state of Michigan does not fully support abortion rights. “Texas bans abortions at all stages of pregnancy, unless you have a life-threatening medical emergency. The law does not provide exceptions for cases that involve rape or incest.” (Abortion in Texas, 2022) Texas, as a Republican state, opposes abortion and has laws in place to protect individuals, which they believe is the right decision. 

The context of the abortion case before the Supreme Court is much larger than most people know. However, from a literary standpoint, the writer’s intention is clearer. This is when agreement vs. disagreement becomes important. The book Roe v. Wade and the Right to Privacy, Third Edition: A 30th Anniversary Celebration, is an anthology of essays on the historic Roe v. Wade Supreme Court case, which legalized abortion in the United States, and the Constitution’s protection of the right to privacy. The primary issue with the book is that it does not make a convincing case for either Roe v. Wade or the right to privacy. This is the book’s most significant shortcoming. The arguments presented in the book’s articles are all over the place, with some writers claiming that Roe v. Wade and the right to privacy should be upheld, while others argue that they should be overturned. Due to the absence of a convincing argument, the reader will have a difficult time comprehending the message that the book is attempting to convey. and with this source being less of a value compared to numerous works, it was still understood that partisan politics affect women’s right to abortion. But to understand the details of the case fully, The Roe v. Wade case was a landmark decision by the United States Supreme Court. The case addressed the issue of whether a woman’s right to have an abortion was protected by the U.S. Constitution. The court ruled that a woman’s right to privacy included the right to make decisions about her own body, and that the government could not interfere with that right. The Roe v. Wade decision was a major victory for the pro-choice movement, and it has had a significant impact on abortion law in the United States. The overview then stated; “The Court divided the pregnancy period into three trimesters. During the first trimester, the decision to terminate the pregnancy was solely at the discretion of the woman. After the first trimester, the state could “regulate procedure.” During the second trimester, the state could regulate (but not outlaw) abortions in the interests of the mother’s health. After the second trimester, the fetus became viable, and the state could regulate or outlaw abortions in the interest of the potential life except when necessary to preserve the life or health of the mother.” (Legal Information Institute, 1973)

According to the decision that was handed down by the court in the case of Dobbs vs. Jackson, a state is not allowed to compel the participation of its citizens in a federal program against their will. The judge’s decision, which was favorable to the Commonwealth of Virginia, resulted in the case being dismissed without further proceedings. In this instance, the state of Virginia had passed a law that made participation in the social insurance program that was managed by the federal government mandatory for all its citizens. This law had been enacted in response to a specific situation that had arisen in the state. The state argued that this was necessary to ensure that all its citizens would be able to take part in the program and benefit from the opportunities that it provided. Additionally, the state argued that this was necessary to protect the rights of its citizens. The court, however, reached the conclusion that the state could not compel its citizens to take part in the program because it violated their constitutional rights. The court arrived at the conclusion that the authority to regulate the Social Security program lies not with the individual states but rather with the federal government rather than with each state on its own. As a direct result of this, the Commonwealth of Virginia was unable to mandate that its residents take part in the program. (Dimopoulos, 2022) Following this information, it can be seen that the connection between the issues today and the issue in the past is circling once again. The case itself then provides the needed explanation for which all comes back to the focus; how does partisan politics affect abortion rights. 

For decades, there has been debate about the connection between abortion rights and party politics. The 1973 Roe v. Wade ruling by the Supreme Court, which made abortion legal in the US, has made the problem much more convoluted. Since then, a large number of states have enacted legislation that restricts or limits abortion rights in some way. Partisan politics have a big role in determining how each state decides to control abortion. The manner that states regulate abortion and the degree to which abortion rights are safeguarded are significantly impacted by partisan politics. Those with a majority of Republican legislators often approve more conservative abortion laws, while states with a majority of Democratic legislators typically pass more liberal laws. This is because the Democratic Party traditionally supports abortion as a pro-choice issue, while the Republican Party typically supports it as a pro-life one. As a consequence, the party in control of the state legislature has a significant role in determining the sort of abortion legislation that a state adopts. The state of Texas is one of the best instances of how party politics effect abortion legislation. Abortion clinics in Texas were compelled to adhere to the same standards as ambulatory surgery centers in 2013, and abortion physicians were required to have admitting privileges at a neighboring hospital. The Republican governor of the state and a Republican-controlled state legislature both voted in favor of this legislation. Other states are likewise seeing the consequences of political politics on their abortion laws. For instance, in 2017, the Ohio legislature, which was under Republican control, approved a bill that outlawed abortions after 20 weeks of pregnancy. A measure that increased access to abortion in New York was enacted by the Democratically controlled legislature, enabling women to get abortions up to the 24th week of pregnancy. Partisan politics have an impact on abortion policy that goes beyond just the legislation that are approved. The process of implementing abortion legislation may also be impacted by partisan politics. For instance, Republican lawmakers have tacked stringent abortion regulations onto unrelated measures in certain states to utilize the budget process to approve the laws. Democratic lawmakers don’t often use this strategy. In the end, party politics have a significant impact on the kind of abortion laws that are enacted in each state. Abortion rights tend to be more limited in states where the legislature is controlled by the Republican party, while they tend to be more liberal in states where the legislature is controlled by the Democratic Party. Political partisanship often affects the process of adopting abortion laws, since Republican lawmakers frequently use strategies that Democratic legislators do not. Therefore, the party in control of the state legislature has a significant role in determining how much abortion rights are protected in each state. (Kreitzer, 2015)

Although abortion has become a contentious issue, it has become more difficult for people to understand. Especially those who don’t comprehend why it’s being done. However, with the recent elections, many civilians voted. So, the question to consider right now is whether people who support abortion rights will transfer their views to the candidates running for office in their state or district. And, to efficiently respond on behalf of all women worldwide, the answer is yes! Because those who vote in favor of abortion rights will certainly convey their sentiments to the candidates in their respective states and districts. Reasons for this may be found in a few different places. To begin, many candidates for public office are themselves members of a political party that advocates legalized abortion. Since they agree on the merits of abortion, you may expect them to vote similarly on any legislation concerning the issue. Second, as compared to voters who do not favor abortion rights, those who do have a greater understanding of politics. They are well-informed on the political landscape, including who is running for office and how each candidate stands on contentious subjects like abortion. Since they feel strongly about these issues, they will only support politicians who share their beliefs. Finally, those who agree with the right to abortion are more likely to participate in elections than those who disagree. They may show their political and financial support by volunteering at campaign events or by donating to campaign committees set up by supporters like themselves. In any case, they are sending a clear message that they are invested in the outcome of the election.

In contemporary countries, religion is becoming more political. Researchers disagree on the extent to which religious issues have on electoral relevance, but they do concur that during the 1990s, religious organizations have played a significant role in influencing election results. Political programs are thus a key concern. The essential value of civil tolerance in contemporary society is not shared by all Christian denominations. (Tamney & Johnson, 1997) This then infers that partisan’s politics role in decisions is heavily influenced. So that is also the connection between the text and the focus. Someone that falls as a partisan politician is also biased to do the things that benefits them and their people. It is then unjust to do such things but that is the known. But also, that religious leaders follow their amendments that partake to the religion they’re in. meaning that a Christian politician would make laws based on what the bibles agrees with and anything that contradicts those religious views would be disagreed and the final law would inflict that.   

From a literature point of view, the article “Abortion and Islam: Policies and Practice in the Middle East and North Africa” by Leila Hessin provides an insight into the controversial topic of abortion in the Muslim world. It examines the varying policies and practices in different countries in the Middle East and North Africa, exploring the reasons for why abortion is allowed, restricted, or prohibited in different contexts. The article highlights the complexity of the issue, noting that abortion is a highly politicized and contested topic in many Muslim countries, and that there is a wide range of opinions and interpretations of Islamic teachings on the subject. The article also draws attention to the fact that the legal status of abortion is often closely linked to the political, economic, and social context in which it is situated. Ultimately, it emphasizes the importance of considering the perspectives of both religious authorities and medical professionals when discussing abortion in the Muslim world. (Hessini, 2007). However, from a different angle, religion in various diasporas is reviewed. The article examines the relationship between faith, race-ethnicity, and abortion attitudes among U.S. Latinos. The authors found that religious schemas and beliefs were more influential in predicting attitudes toward abortion than race-ethnicity. They also found that Protestants and Catholics had different attitudes towards abortion, with Protestants being more likely to oppose abortion and Catholics being more likely to support abortion. Additionally, they found that Latinos with higher levels of religious commitment and/or orthodoxy were more likely to oppose abortion than those with lower levels of religious commitment or orthodoxy. (Bartkowski et al, 2012).

The moral ramifications of abortion and the laws and regulations governing it are frequently discussed in literature. This article shows how the right to privacy can be violated, especially when it comes to situations concerning medical records. And this essay emphasizes it because it is a crucial subject of debate in the legal and medical areas. It serves as a reminder of the necessity to strike a balance between the rights of those concerned and the demands of the public. This essay also underlines how crucial it is to comprehend the ramifications of laws like the one in question. Given that more states are passing legislation regulating access to abortion, it is especially important to consider the potential privacy concerns raised. Discussing the necessity for laws that preserve patient privacy and confidentiality is made more informed when people are aware of how these laws may affect patient confidentiality. (Bellware, 2022)

Abortion raises significant ethical and moral dilemmas with ramifications for both democracy and religion. The most common error people make is to combine the two, acting as though a political deed must go hand in hand with a spiritual one. People need to recognize that criminal law can conflict with religious belief as long as there is a political system in place, where religious authority have no influence and where laws cannot be based on religious principles. It is abundantly clear that those who oppose abortion in these situations will invoke the woman’s right to self-defense because they are very clear that they do not believe a woman’s desire to control her own body or her interest in resisting what she perceives as an unwelcome invasion of her dignity could possibly outweigh the fetus’ right to life. Women are oppressed if someone without the physical characteristics that are naturally attributed to women can rule so forcefully over what they deem to be right or wrong. This instance of a law being passed, only to be overturned years later shows how crooked those who call themselves leaders are. If a woman isn’t intentionally harming herself or others, no one should have the authority to judge whether or not she can have an abortion.

Research demonstrating that personal and school religiosity may both have an impact on the choice to abort a premarital pregnancy is discussed in the article “Understanding the Effects of Personal and School Religiosity on the Decision to Abort a Premarital Pregnancy” by Amy Adamczyk. According to the study, those who are more religious personally are more likely to decide to abort a pregnancy, but people who are more religious at school are less likely to do so. This implies that religious convictions, whether ingrained at home or through education, may have a substantial influence on a person’s choice to end a pregnancy. Regarding how partisan politics impact abortion rights, it’s crucial to take into account how religious convictions could influence voting behavior. If a political party or person has a strong anti-abortion stance, they may try to introduce legislation that makes it harder for women to get abortion services or even try to outlaw abortion. On the other hand, a political party or leader that is more pro-choice may support legislation that makes it simpler for women to have abortions. It is also crucial to take into account how religious convictions might influence the discussions and debates in society on the subject of abortion. Religious justifications may be used by individuals who oppose abortion, while secular justifications, such as the right to bodily autonomy, can be used by those who are in favor of it. This might further polarize the argument and widen the gap between proponents and opponents of abortion. The influence of religious convictions on how people individually see the abortion debate should also be taken into account. Higher degrees of personal or school religiosity may make people less likely to decide to end a pregnancy, according to the study addressed in the article by Amy Adamczyk, but lower levels may make people more inclined to do so. Therefore, it is crucial to take into account how a woman’s personal abortion choices may be influenced by her religious views. Finally, it may be said that partisan politics and religious beliefs may both have a big impact on the abortion rights discussion. Both how people approach the abortion controversy in public and how they handle it privately may be influenced by their religious beliefs. Therefore, it is important to consider how religious beliefs may affect people’s choices and the laws governing abortion when analyzing the issue of abortion rights..

Methods and Primary Sources

An interview was performed to communicate believes on abortion. However, to properly choose the correct persons to interview, it was important to study their background so that presenting them with a sensitive topic like abortion would help this research. Four participants were chosen for this study. The first was a 22-year-old college student, and the second was a 54-year-old woman. Elamosi Anetekhai, 22 years old, is a Nigerian American who was born and raised in Chicago, Illinois. She has seen the world through the eyes of a young and understands that certain things in this world are not suitable. She is also a Christian woman who has spent enough time in the church to understand what this faith allows and forbids. The shocking news is that, even though Christians are supposed to be completely opposed to abortion, Elamosi would consider herself pro-choice. Esther Geegbae, 54, is a Liberian woman who was born and raised in her country. She grew up under stringent rules because she lived in her native land. Faith has always been important to her, so as she grew older, she became involved in the church. She is now the pastor of a church in Brooklyn Park, Minnesota. Her beliefs have carried her through life as she has fallen and gotten back up. So, when she became a servant of God, her responsibility was to remain faithful to the Christian religion. This means living according to the Bible. Esther does not agree with the controversial topic of abortion. Ciatta Kabongo, 30, is a Liberian Ivorian. She was born in Ivory Coast and moved to America when she was ten years old. Growing up in America practically made her an American because she became aware of the cultural differences between her native country and the country, she now calls home. She, too, is a Christian woman, but as a child, she questioned her religion since the church that advocated such things sounded hypocritical. So, Ciatta disagreed with the conviction to oppose abortion rights within the Christian church since she was once a woman in need of abortion and, while she did not take advantage of that opportunity, having that option as a woman was vital to her. Abdulai Freeman, 28, is a Liberian American who was born and raised in Indianapolis, Indiana. He is also a Muslim who adheres to the Islamic faith. However, because the United States bases its laws on the Christian religion, this individual believes it is biased. Abdulai is also a strong supporter of women’s rights, particularly when it comes to abortion.

The investigation continued with three interview questions, beginning with “Do you believe abortion should be a woman’s choice?” “Yes, I think that a woman should be entitled to choose whether to have an abortion because there are several unsafe scenarios that could lead to this need,” Elamosi answered. (Anetekhai, 2022) “Abortion is awful and can be avoided,” Esther added, “therefore I don’t feel it should be a woman’s decision.” (Geegbae, 2022) “A woman has all rights to make decisions on behalf of herself,” Ciatta responded, “therefore it really shouldn’t be an issue to ask if abortion should be a woman’s choice.” (Kabongo, 2022) Finally, Abdulai responded, “Abortion should be a shared decision between the male and the woman, taking into account numerous circumstances.” One is that the child’s arrival affects both sides, whether voluntarily or involuntary, therefore it would be a community decision.” (Freeman, 2022) “Do you believe abortion should be permitted in all cases or should there be restrictions?” was the next question. “I truly feel that abortion should be limited given the options for having safe sex and the opportunity to abstain,” Elamosi added. Then, if abortion is required for severe reasons, it should be a last resort.”(Anetekhai, 2022) “I had an abortion when I was young and naive that I regretted,” Esther explained. And there were complications when I tried to have children later in life. As a result, there should be restrictions for these reasons. “I also believe that legislators are being used by God to prevent this.” (Geegbae, 2022) “I got pregnant when I was 13,” Ciatta explained. I was so young and terrified that I didn’t know what to do. When my parents found out, they refused to let me abort the child since it was against their religious beliefs. And because I was a minor, I had no choice but to comply. At the time, I felt trapped since it was my body, but I didn’t have permission to do what I wanted to do. I ended up taking the child to term and placing her for adoption. It was the scariest and saddest time of my life. So, my answer is, yes, I agree that abortion should be legal in all circumstances.” (Kabongo, 2022) “The subject of legalizing abortion raises the question of what moral framework the society is based on,” Abdualai remarked, as Americans, we claim to be secular while retaining Judeo-Christian beliefs (which I find delusional and immature, almost as if religion provided blessings but not accountability.) In terms of America’s dilemma, it all comes down to who is in charge. Personal from my Islamic religious upbringing. Abortion without a medical reason should be prohibited. It should be criminal to flee from a parent. It should be permitted if the mother’s life is in risk. (Freeman, 2022) The final question was, “What do you think is the most crucial factor to remember while discussing abortion?” “Regarding the legal difficulties around abortion, I genuinely believe that it is critical to remember that everyone is different,” Elamosi responded. In other words, what works medically for one woman may not work for the next.” (Anetekhai, 2022) “We wouldn’t be living now if you or I had been aborted,” Esther replied. (Geegbae, 2022) “America is supposed to be the home of the free,” Ciatta said, “so never stop fighting for what is your civil right until there is equality for everybody.” (Kabongo, 2022) “What I indicated in response to the previous question is the most crucial item to consider,” Abdulai remarked. What moral perspective are we taking on the issue? That is the great equalizer in everything. Everything is based on opinion and perception if there is no structure. I feel that creating a moral foundation will eliminate any issues like these. Another factor to consider is the paradigm shift that is taking place in society. Agendas for tomorrow are being pushed today. That love is unbound by anything is deafening a lot of America’s so-called roots, allowing issues like these to resurface. Once again demonstrating that religion can be used on a broad scale to cause mass corruption. (Freeman, 2022)

The strategies used to conduct these interviews were based on the individual’s personal life because it showed that the research would progress normally. And given each participant’s standing, the flow went exactly as it should have. Elamosi Anetekhai, being the youngest, exemplified the idea that young people are receptive to all possible behaviors or objects. Religion was another factor that influenced this interview due of age placement. It was clear that Elamosi was not a traditional Christian with traditional worldviews. Closer in age was Abdulai Freeman. His religion was a big reason why he was chosen because as everyone knows about Christian faith, not all know about the Islam faith and the things they believe. His remark was a shock, but it was quite helpful in this investigation. The 30-year-old, Ciatta Kabongo would be considered young, but the eldest among the younger folks. She was chosen because of her experiences like getting pregnant at 13. And with this study on how partisan politics affects abortion rights, it was crucial to understand how abortion ban would play out on a 13-year-old child. and just portray the unfairness in politicians. The eldest of 4 participants is Esther Geegbae. The age gap between her and the rest are large so getting these thoughts from her would help all to understand how age could play a part in beliefs. In other ways, the goal was to relate an elder Christian woman to an elder politician man or woman. And in the end the research concluded that she was truly against abortion just as predicted. 

The following method was used to research the states of Minnesota, Illinois, Indiana, and Texas: As an Indiana resident, I felt it was critical to be aware of the current abortion status because, as desperate measures may be taken one day, it would benefit me personally or any other Indiana resident to be aware of the resources available. And, because the abortion restriction is presently being restricted, if the judge decides to rule again against abortion rights, Illinois being legal and next door would be convenient. Furthermore, this state would not be a location to not trust because present laws suggest that, despite other states prohibiting abortion, this is a secure zone for many women to trust that nothing will change. Minnesota is already my home state, where I was born and raised. I occasionally return for longer lengths of time, but because I am familiar with the state, I saw no reason why it wouldn’t be worthwhile to examine the current abortion legal situation. Texas comes in last. This is a place where I considered relocating, and while my decision was not influenced by the fact that it is a republican state, it is something I would have considered if I had been serious about relocating here. It was also intriguing to hear why abortion is outlawed because the first states I researched were good to women’s rights, but this one triggered when it indicated abortion is still illegal if rape or incest occurred.

Finding the connections between everything was one of the final polishes after much study had been done. Partisan politics are undoubtedly a significant historical issue, according to a close examination of each individual article and the interviews. However, the religious viewpoints mentioned in the literature section were primarily inferred from the interviewee’s perspective of the Muslim guy. I believed that hearing all sides of the story would be very helpful for this piece. And only because authors and researchers do not always read what they write when sitting in front of them. A lot of what is written is based on what people hear and see. Given that Freeman grew up practicing Islam, it was crucial to understand his viewpoint when he expressed his opinions on abortion in that context. The inclusion of the article on Latinos was then just a bonus because understanding all sides of a dispute might lead to favorable results.

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