Critical Appraisal of Research

 Critical Appraisal of Research

Part 3A: Critical appraisal

Violence against nurses is an issue that has been identified as a significant global problem. Registered nurses are the most affected people, and the violence may be physical assault, bullying, or verbal abuse. As presented in the article, “workplace violence in nursing: a concept analysis,” Al-Qadi (2021) clarifies the concept of workplace violence in an organized manner. The introduction makes it easier for any reader to capture the overall concept and how it needs to be solved. Also, the background information helps define the term violence and goes into depth by discussing the various types and how they can be reported. The method used to conduct the study and the results reveal the practice as a threat that causes injuries whenever it occurs. Critical Appraisal of Research

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This is also evident in the article “Workplace violence against emergency service nurses: an integrative review.” From this work, Jofre et al. (2020) present a review of the worldwide frequency of verbal and physical violence against nurses and the occupational and health impacts that it causes. The authors conduct a comprehensive study using library databases such as SciELO, CINAHL, LILACS, and MEDLINE. For any reader, this provides them with a direction on the best materials to consider when conducting research. From the article, the authors have established a technique that assists them in achieving the desired results. Most assault tends to occur in the emergency service, ranging from physical violence and verbal aggression. Also, the article presents a comprehensive conclusion that recommends the need to stop violence against nurses that affect their productivity. Therefore, it is easier for any reader to capture the required intention.

When nurses are assaulted, it may come from senior staff colleagues or patients. Therefore, there is a need to investigate the nature of violence nurses may face from various people. Electronic health records can assist in providing better care to patients, while the data can be used to study how patients assault their care providers (Mitchell et al., 2014). In their article, “Electronic Health Record Mortality Prediction Model for Targeted Palliative Care among Hospitalized Medical Patients: a Pilot Quasi-experimental Study,” Courtright et al. (2019) comprehensively present the reason behind EHR development. They represent the best research by describing how the EHR model approach can assist reduce the mortality rate among patients. The article helps inform the reader that the mortality rate can increase due to any incidence of violence against nurses, affecting their production rate. Also, the causes of reduced production among nurses are presented in an organized manner by Sisawo et al. (2017) in their article “Workplace violence against nurses in the Gambia: mixed methods design.”

The article presents an overview of workplace violence against nurses and the factors associated with the issue. Any reader of the article can assess the factors as lack of management attention, shortage of drugs and supplies, disagreements among clients and nurses, and security vacuum. Although the research study was conducted in the Gambia, it provides an understanding that the same factors can apply to any other nursing organization. The authors use the research technique that every researcher should emulate.

Part 3B: Best practice

The best practice is a research method that identifies, combines, describes, and distributes efficient strategies established by healthcare professionals or researchers to ensure effective delivery of care services. The article “Workplace violence against nurses in the Gambia: mixed methods design” presents the best practice so that a reader can capture and understand the concept behind workplace violence against nurses. The article utilizes a research technique that explores nursing violence.

Nurses’ violence is an issue that has persisted in most health care organizations. Therefore, addressing it would assist in improving nurses’ productivity, which is affected by burnout associated with violence. The article identifies various factors associated with violence. For instance, lack of security, staff and drug shortage, and poor workplace manners among nurses where nurses may utter indecent language towards their clients (Sisawo et al., 2017). The research uses qualitative and quantitative designs that assist in easier data collection. Hence, the research uses an evidence-based practice that uses interventions whose efficacy is well supported by numerous scholarly evidence.

The study proves the best practice by proposing various measures. For instance, the authors suggest the need to have interventions in the future that responds to the nursing staff’s needs to ensure workplace violence prevention. Also, the article suggests compulsory in-service education for nurses. It includes service behaviors, safety training, understanding of clients’ needs, and communication skills to effectively deal with workplace assaults that may arise on incoming nurses (Sisawo et al., 2017). Similarly, education can assist in heightening workplace violence in the workplace and improving nurses’ public image. Moreover, they suggest protecting staff by beefing up security at the various healthcare facilities. This is by assigning trained security guards, having patient visitors’ check-in procedures, and installing security video monitoring systems to reduce any violence in the workplace.

Al-Qadi, M. M. (2021). Workplace violence in nursing: A concept analysis. Journal of occupational health, 63(1), e12226. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8103077/

Contreras Jofre, P., Valenzuela Solís, Á., Pinto Soto, J., Mendoza Ponce, N., & López-Alegría, F. (2020). Workplace violence against emergency service nurses: an integrative review. Revista panamericana de salud publica, 44, e173-e173. 10.26633/RPSP.2020.173

Mitchell, A., Ahmed, A., & Szabo, C. (2014). Workplace violence among nurses, why are we still discussing this? Literature review. Journal of nursing education and practice, 4(4), 147-150. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jnep.v4n4p147

Sisawo, E. J., Ouédraogo, S. Y. Y. A., & Huang, S. L. (2017). Workplace violence against nurses in the Gambia: mixed methods design. BMC health services research, 17(1), 1-11. https://bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12913-017-2258-4

Nursing homework help

Introduction

Proteins are required for the structure, function, and regulation of the body’s tissues and organs. Proteins are made out of 20 amino acids. Nine of the amino acids are essential as they cannot be synthesized by the body and therefore must be obtained from the diet. Nursing homework help

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A food is considered a complete protein when it contains the nine essential amino acids that our body cannot produce on its own.

Eggs, milk, fish and most meats are complete proteins that can meet our bodies amino acid requirements. Legumes, nuts, and cereals are nutritionally incomplete because they are low in one or more of the essential amino acids. The exception to this generalization is soybeans, which provide plant-derived complete proteins.

Extra Credit Assignment

For this assignment students will compare and contrast two commonly available complete protein (2% reduced fat milk and soy milk).

Students will fill in the Table below and also answer the questions below.

The assignment is worth 10 points.

Nutrition Facts and cost of two complete protein foods (size 1 cup, 240 ml)

(0.272 points per item in the table)

1. What does the term conditionally essential amino acids mean? (1 point)
2. After analyzing the information from the table above, which of the two foods would you recommend to your family and why? (3 points)

Nursing homework help

Izabella is a health care historian. She has been hired by the Philadelphia Medical Society to research and develop a storyboard of hospital care quality from the first hospital to today’s hospitals. The storyboard will cover the evolution of the hospital environment, staff education, level of care, and how hospital services were paid for.

Izabella’s storyboard begins with the fact that hospitals had humble beginnings in the United States. The first hospital in America was founded in Philadelphia in 1751! Its mission was “to care for the sick-poor and insane who were wandering the streets” of Philadelphia (Penn Medicine, n.d., para. 1). Having a historical perspective on health care changes and trends is critical to understanding how to improve health care today and in the future. What kind of medical care might a patient have received in the first 18th-century hospital?

As a health care administrator, you will often do research on a topic to provide background information for decision making, committee work, or creating policies. It is often best practice to use a comparison table to lay out and visualize your research notations.

Reference

Penn Medicine. (n.d.). History of Pennsylvania Hospital. http://www.uphs.upenn.edu/paharc/features/creation.html

Scenario

Imagine you are a patient with a serious illness in a hospital in the 1800s, in the 1960s, and today. Think about the room configurations, the skills of the nurses and other staff, the level and type of care, and how you would pay for the care, both now and in the previous centuries.

Instructions

Write a 2 page paper about the similarities and differences in hospital care from the different time periods (1800s, 1960s, and today), as well as the conclusions you drew from your analysis. Include a research table in the appendix of your paper.

Complete the following:

• 1. The textbook is suggested as the most efficient resource for this assessment, or use at least two other resources from those provided for this assessment. You may also use resources you find on your own from the History of Health Care Research tab in the Health Care Administration Undergraduate Library Research Guide to research how the hospital industry has evolved in terms of hospital environment, medical staff education, level of care in hospitals, and payment systems.

• 1. • You will need to reference a total of three scholarly sources in your paper.
     • Be sure to cite these references within the body of your paper correctly using APA-style citations.
  2. Complete the Comparative Analysis Table: Hospital Care Evolution, located in the appendix of the Comparative Analysis Template [DOCX].

• 1. • Provide two descriptive changes for each time period under each of the headings.
     • Add bullet points to each cell in the table to document the descriptive changes that you have found for each topic.
     • Document the source where you found the information for each cell in the table, using APA-style citations.
  2. Refer to the Comparative Analysis Assessment Exemplar [PDF] for an example of how to translate the information from the table into a written paper.

• 1. • Note that the assessment exemplar is written about the evolution of physicians’ practices and not hospital care, which is the topic for this assessment.
     • Do not copy the exemplar text into your paper. You should submit original written work about the evolution of hospitals in your paper.
  2. Write an introduction to the paper using the Comparative Analysis Template [DOCX].

• 1. • Include a brief explanation of the purpose of the paper and main ideas.
     • Reference significant trends that you noticed as appropriate.
     • Refer to the Writing Support page on Campus for resources to help you as you write and revise your paper.
  2. Write the body of the paper.

• 1. • Write the Hospital Care Evolution section in the assessment template, using the information from the Comparative Analysis Table you completed.

• 1. • • Describe your findings about each topic in the different time periods under each subtopic heading.
       • Explain the trends in hospital environment, medical staff education, level of care in hospitals, and the payment systems in a short paragraph (3–4 sentences) for each topic, using the subheadings provided in the assessment template.
       • Cite all references used within the body of your paper using APA-style citations.
     • Write the Comparative Analysis section (1–2 paragraphs) in the assessment template.

• 1. • • Write a brief summary of your comparisons and analysis about the significance of the key changes from the different time periods.
       • Draw conclusions about how the hospital industry has evolved from the 1800s to the 1960s to today and about the significance of the key milestones from the different time periods.
       • Give specific examples of the impact on the quality of patient care during these time frames.
  2. Write a conclusion paragraph where you summarize the main ideas included in the paper.

• 1. • Explain why it is important to study the history of hospital care for your profession.

Additional Requirements

• • Your paper should be 2 pages, in addition to the title page, appendix, and reference page.
  • Double space your paper, and use Times New Roman, 12-point font, as indicated in the assessment template.
  • Use a minimum of three resources; you may include the textbook.
  • Complete all parts of the assessment template, using the headings provided in the template.
  • Support all points with credible evidence, in the form of APA citations. Refer to Evidence and APA in the Capella Writing Center for help with using APA style.
  • Include a references page in APA format with appropriate citations.
  • Complete the Comparative Analysis Table: Hospital Care Evolution table in the appendix of the assessment template.

Competencies Measured

By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and scoring guide criteria:

• • Competency 1: Analyze trends in the U.S. health care system from a historical perspective.

• • • Compare and contrast the hospital environments of the 1800s, 1960s, and today.
    • Compare and contrast the level of care provided in hospitals of the 1800s, 1960s, and today.
    • Compare and contrast the payment systems in the hospitals of the 1800s, 1960s, and today.
    • Draw conclusions about how the hospital industry has evolved from the 1800s, to the 1960s, to today.
  • Competency 3: Analyze the development of medical education in the United States.

• • • Compare and contrast the staff education level in hospitals of the 1800s, 1960s, and today.
  • Competency 4: Communicate in a manner that is scholarly, professional, and respectful of the diversity, dignity, and integrity of others.

• • • Appropriately addresses all components of the assessment prompt, using the assessment description to structure text.
    • Apply APA formatting to in-text citations and references.
• SCORING GUIDE

Use the scoring guide to understand how your assessment will be evaluated.

VIEW SCORING GUIDE

Collaboration And Leadership Reflection Video

Assessment 1 Instructions: Collaboration and Leadership Reflection Video

Top of Form

Bottom of Form

Interprofessional collaboration is a critical aspect of a nurse’s work. Through interprofessional collaboration, practitioners and patients share information and consider each other’s perspectives to better understand and address the many factors that contribute to health and well-being (Sullivan et al., 2015). Essentially, by collaborating, health care practitioners and patients can have better health outcomes. Nurses, who are often at the frontlines of interacting with various groups and records, are full partners in this approach to health care.

Reflection is a key part of building interprofessional competence, as it allows you to look critically at experiences and actions through specific lenses. From the standpoint of interprofessional collaboration, reflection can help you consider potential reasons for and causes of people’s actions and behaviors (Saunders et al., 2016). It also can provide opportunities to examine the roles team members adopted in a given situation as well as how the team could have worked more effectively.

As you begin to prepare this assessment you are encouraged to complete the What is Reflective Practice? activity. The activity consists of five questions that will allow you the opportunity to practice self-reflection. The information gained from completing this formative will help with your success on the Collaboration and Leadership Reflection Video assessment. Completing formatives is also a way to demonstrate course engagement

Note: The Example Kaltura Reflection demonstrates how to cite sources appropriately in an oral presentation/video. The Example Kaltura Reflection video is not a reflection on the Vila Health activity. Your reflection assessment will focus on both your professional experience and the Vila Health activity as described in the scenario.

References

Saunders, R., Singer, R., Dugmore, H., Seaman, K., & Lake, F. (2016). Nursing students’ reflections on an interprofessional placement in ambulatory care. Reflective Practice, 17(4), 393–402.

Sullivan, M., Kiovsky, R., Mason, D., Hill, C., Duke, C. (2015). Interprofessional collaboration and education. American Journal of Nursing, 115(3), 47–54.

Demonstration of Proficiency

• Competency 1: Explain strategies for managing human and financial resources to promote organizational health.
  • Identify how poor collaboration can result in inefficient management of human and financial resources supported by evidence from the literature.
• Competency 2: Explain how interdisciplinary collaboration can be used to achieve desired patient and systems outcomes.
  • Reflect on an interdisciplinary collaboration experience noting ways in which it was successful and unsuccessful in achieving desired outcomes.
  • Identify best-practice interdisciplinary collaboration strategies to help a team to achieve its goals and work more effectively together.
• Competency 4: Explain how change management theories and leadership strategies can enable interdisciplinary teams to achieve specific organizational goals.
  • Identify best-practice leadership strategies from the literature, which would improve an interdisciplinary team’s ability to achieve its goals.
• Competency 5: Apply professional, scholarly, evidence-based communication strategies to impact patient, interdisciplinary team, and systems outcomes.
  • Communicate via video with clear sound and light.
  • The full reference list is from relevant and evidence-based (published within 5 years) sources, exhibiting nearly flawless adherence to APA format.

Professional Context

This assessment will help you to become a reflective practitioner. By considering your own successes and shortcomings in interprofessional collaboration, you will increase awareness of your problem-solving abilities. You will create a video of your reflections, including a discussion of best practices of interprofessional collaboration and leadership strategies, cited in the literature.

Scenario

As part of an initiative to build effective collaboration at your Vila Health site, where you are a nurse, you have been asked to reflect on a project or experience in which you collaborated interprofessionally and examine what happened during the collaboration, identifying positive aspects and areas for improvement.

You have also been asked to review a series of events that took place at another Vila Health location and research interprofessional collaboration best practices and use the lessons learned from your experiences to make recommendations for improving interprofessional collaboration among their team. Your task is to create a 5–10 minute video reflection with suggestions for the Vila Health team that can be shared with leadership as well as Vila Health colleagues at your site. Note: If you require the use of assistive technology or alternative communication methods to participate in this activity, please contact DisabilityServices@Capella.edu to request accommodations. If, for some reason, you are unable to record a video, please contact your faculty member as soon as possible to explore options for completing the assessment.

Instructions

Using Kaltura, record a 5–10 minute video reflection on an interprofessional collaboration experience from your personal practice, proposing suggestions on how to improve the collaboration presented in the Vila Health: Collaboration for Change activity.

Be sure that your assessment addresses the following criteria. Please study the scoring guide carefully so you will know what is needed for a distinguished score:

• Reflect on an interdisciplinary collaboration experience, noting ways in which it was successful and unsuccessful in achieving desired outcomes.
• Identify how poor collaboration can result in inefficient management of human and financial resources, citing supporting evidence from the literature.
• Identify best-practice leadership strategies from the literature that would improve an interdisciplinary team’s ability to achieve its goals, citing at least one author from the literature.
• Identify best-practice interdisciplinary collaboration strategies to help a team achieve its goals and work together, citing the work of at least one author.
• Communicate in a professional manner, is easily audible, and uses proper grammar. Format reference list in current APA style.

You will need to relate an experience that you have had collaborating on a project. This could be at your current or former place of practice, or another relevant project that will enable you to address the requirements. In addition to describing your experience, you should explain aspects of the collaboration that helped the team make progress toward relevant goals or outcomes, as well as aspects of the collaboration that could have been improved.

A simplified gap-analysis approach may be useful:

• What happened?
• What went well?
• What did not go well?
  • What should have happened?

After your personal reflection, examine the scenario in the Vila Health activity and discuss the ways in which the interdisciplinary team did not collaborate effectively and the negative implications for the human and financial resources of the interdisciplinary team and the organization as a whole.

Building on this investigation, identify at least one leadership best practice or strategy that you believe would improve the team’s ability to achieve their goals. Be sure to identify the strategy and its source or author and provide a brief rationale for your choice of strategy.

Additionally, identify at least one interdisciplinary collaboration best practice or strategy to help the team achieve its goals and work more effectively together. Again, identify the strategy, its source, and reasons why you think it will be effective.

You are encouraged to integrate lessons learned from your self-reflection to support and enrich your discussion of the Vila Health activity.

You are required to submit an APA-formatted reference list for any sources that you cited specifically in your video or used to inform your presentation. The Example Kaltura Reflection will show you how to cite scholarly sources in the context of an oral presentation.

Refer to the Campus tutorial Using Kaltura [PDF] as needed to record and upload your reflection.

Additional Requirements

• References: Cite at least 3 professional or scholarly sources of evidence to support the assertions you make in your video. Include additional properly cited references as necessary to support your statements.
• APA Reference Page: Submit a correctly formatted APA reference page that shows all the sources you used to create and deliver your video.
  • You may wish to refer to the Campus APA Modulefor more information on applying APA style.

Portfolio Prompt: Remember to save the final assessment to your ePortfolio so that you may refer to it as you complete the final Capstone course.

·         Reflective Practice

• Jacobs, S. (2016).Reflective learning, reflective practice. Nursing, 46(5), 62–64.
  • This article provides a review of what self-reflection entails, why it is important for nurses, and some tools to help you reflect.
• Wilkinson, T. J. (2017).Kolb, integration and the messiness of workplace learning. Perspectives on Medical Education, 6(3), 144–145.
  • This article examines how reflection and the use of a cyclical improvement model can help connect theory and learning to real-world application.
• Vila Health: Collaboration for Change.
  • This activity will provide you with the context for the second part of this assessment.

·         Balance

• Blake, N. (2017).The importance of a balanced life for nurses. AACN Advanced Critical Care, 28(1), 21–22.
  • This article examines how work/life balance is critical to maximize nurses’ effectiveness.

Empowerment

• Udod, S. A., & Racine, L. (2017).Empirical and pragmatic adequacy of grounded theory: Advancing nurse empowerment theory for nurses’ practice. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 26​(23-24), 5224–5231.
  • This article presents a study that examined the relevance of a grounded-theory approach to empower nurses to address real-life problems.

·         Leadership Theory

• Lynch, B. M., McCance, T., McCormack, B., & Brown, D. (2017).The development of the Person-Centred Situational Leadership Framework: Revealing the being of person-centredness in nursing homes. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 27​(1-2), 427–440.
  • This article presents an application of the Person‐Centred Situational Leadership Framework and its relevance to complex care environments.

·         Finances

• Johnson, J. E. (2017).Financial terms 101. American Nurse Today, 12(4), 16–18. https://www.americannursetoday.com/financial-terms-101/
  • This resource provides definitions and brief explanations about key financial terms that you will need to know.

Human Resources

• Carlisle, B., Perera, A., Stutzman, S. E., Brown-Cleere, S., Parwaiz, A., & Olson, D. M. (2020).Efficacy of using available data to examine nurse staffing ratios and quality of care metrics. Journal of Neuroscience Nursing, 52(2), 78–83.
  • This article looks at measurable outcomes in relation to the nurse-to-patient ratio.
• Olley, R., Edwards, I., Avery, M., & Cooper, H. (2019).Systematic review of the evidence Related to mandated nurse staffing ratios in acute care hospitals. Australian Health Review, 43, 288‒293.
  • This article evaluates and summarizes current research on nurse staffing methods and relates those to outcomes.

·         Capella Writing Center

• Introduction to the Writing Center.
  • The writing center has numerous resources to help you better understand and improve your writing.

APA Style and Format

• Capella University follows the style and formatting guidelines in thePublication Manual of the American Psychological Association, known informally as the APA manual. Refer to the Writing Center’s APA Module for tips on proper use of APA style and format.

Capella University Library

• BSN Program Library Research Guide.
  • The library research guide will be useful in guiding you through the Capella University Library, offering tips for searching the literature and other references for your assessments.

Other Campus Resources

• Using Kaltura [PDF].
  • This assessment asks you to record a reflective video using Kaltura or another tool of your choice. This Campus tutorial will guide you through the use of Kaltura.