Antibiotics are a type of drug used to treat bacterial infections. Three of the most common types of antibiotics are tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, and lincosamides. Tetracyclines are broad-spectrum antibiotics that are effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. They work by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis, which prevents bacteria from growing and reproducing. Aminoglycosides are also broad-spectrum antibiotics, but they work by interfering with the bacterial cell wall and inhibiting the production of essential enzymes The Actions of Antibiotics: Tetracyclines, Aminoglycosides, and Lincosamides. Finally, lincosamides are narrow-spectrum antibiotics that are effective against gram-positive bacteria. They work by interfering with the bacterial cell membrane, preventing the bacteria from taking up essential nutrients. In addition to the direct action on bacterial cells, antibiotics also have an indirect action. They can stimulate the immune system to fight off the infection, or they can act synergistically with other antibiotics to enhance the effectiveness of their action. For example, aminoglycosides have been shown to have an additive or synergistic effect when combined with tetracyclines (Garcia et al., 2006). Cont…

Explain dynamic programming approach and also provide its comparison with greedy algorithms and divide and conquer algorithm ?
Dynamic programming is a method for solving problems by breaking them down into smaller subproblems and storing the solutions to these subproblems in order to avoid recalculating them. It is often used for optimization problems, where the goal is to find the best solution among a set of possible solutions. Dynamic programming algorithms are based on the principle of optimality, which states that the optimal solution to a subproblem will also be part of the optimal solution to the larger problem.One key difference between dynamic programming and greedy algorithms is that greedy algorithms make decisions based on the current solution, without considering the consequences of these decisions on future steps. In contrast, dynamic programming algorithms consider the effect of each decision on the final solution by solving the subproblems and storing their solutions in a table. Another difference is that divide-and-conquer algorithms solve problems by dividing them into smaller subproblems and solving each subproblem independently, while dynamic programming algorithms solve each subproblem only once and use the stored solutions to make decisions about future steps. “Dynamic programming is a powerful technique for solving problems that exhibit the properties of overlap and optimal substructure (Bertsekas, 2015). ” or else, “Dynamic programming algorithms can be more efficient than divide and conquer algorithms, especially when the subproblems have a lot of overlap (Cormen et al., 2021).” Cont…

In the sorting techniques, what is the meaning of Increasing order, decreasing order, Non-Increasing order, Non-decreasing order?
When discussing approaches for sorting data, the terms “increasing order” and “decreasing order” refer to the arranging of a set of numbers in either an ascending or descending order, depending on the context. (GeekforGeeks, 2021) For instance, if we have a list of integers that goes [3, 5, 1, 2], those integers would be in increasing order if they were placed in the sequence [1, 2, 3, 5], and those integers would be in decreasing order if they were arranged in the form [5, 3, 2, 1]. Both the words “non-increasing order” and “non-decreasing order” relate to a specific instance of rising order and decreasing order, respectively, in which it is acceptable to have duplicate entries in the list. For instance, if we have a list of numbers that goes as follows: [3, 5, 5, 1, 2], those integers would be in non-increasing order if they were placed in the order [1, 2, 3, 5, 5], and they would be in non-decreasing order if they were put in the form [1, 2, 3, 5, 5]. (Wikipedia, 2020). Cont…

In order to accomplish a mission and vision, organizations need to ensure they have the necessary resources to do so. This includes financial resources, human resources, physical resources, and information technology resources (Murray, 2020). Financial resources are essential for an organization to achieve its mission and vision, as they provide the necessary capital for operating and expanding the business. Human resources are also a crucial part of the organization, as they provide the necessary skills and expertise to carry out the mission and vision. Physical resources are also necessary for organizations to carry out their mission and vision, as they provide the physical space and equipment needed to run the organization. Lastly, information technology resources are important for organizations to achieve their mission and vision, as they provide the necessary technology to enable the organization to communicate and process data (Lam, 2020). By having the right resources in place, organizations are better equipped to fulfill their mission and vision, and uphold their company values. Cont…

French luxury goods giant LVMH has developed a comprehensive strategy formulation to ensure its continued success. This includes a corporate strategy that focuses on organic growth, acquisitions and partnerships, a global strategy that focuses on both local and international markets, and a business strategy that seeks to diversify and develop its product portfolio. LVMH’s corporate strategy is to “consolidate the Group’s leadership, accelerate organic growth and strengthen its portfolio with strategic acquisitions and partnerships” (LVMH, 2020). This is evidenced by its acquisition of jewellery brand Bulgari, as well as its partnership with Rihanna’s Fenty brand in 2019. Additionally, LVMH has focused on launching new products in existing businesses, and developing new businesses, such as its Beauty & Fragrance and Watches & Jewelry divisions (LVMH, 2020). The company’s global strategy is to “continue to expand and leverage its leadership in Europe, the United States and Asia, while exploring opportunities in new markets” (LVMH, 2020). This is evidenced by its presence in countries such as India and China, where it… Cont…